英語語法 倒裝

　　在英語中，主語和謂語的語序通常是主語在前，謂語在后。但有時由于語法或修辭的需要將謂語的部分或全部提到主語前面，這樣的語序叫做“倒裝“

　　倒裝的種類：部分倒裝---- 助動詞\情態動詞+主語+謂語的實義動詞

　　全部倒裝---- 謂語+主語

　　一. 在特殊句型中：

　　1.在疑問句中:

　　eg: Is this your cell phone number? What do you prefer?

　　2.在感嘆句中：

　　eg: How happy they are! What fun it is!

　　3.在虛擬條件句中：

　　eg: If I were a bird, I could fly freely.=……

　　Had I known it earlier, I wouldn’t have lent him the money.

　　Long live peace! May our friendship be everlasting!

　　4.直接引語的一部分或全部放在句首時；

　　eg: “You should have been here earlier,” said the teacher.

　　“You,” said his father, “do the housework.”

　　二. 在以下結構中用全部倒裝：

　　1.在there be句型中；

　　eg: There are thousands of people gathering on the square.

　　There lived an old fisherman in the village.

　　2.在“here, there, now, thus, then+動詞+主語”的句子中,(動詞為be, go, come等);

　　eg: Now comes my turn. There goes the bell. Then came the order to leave.

　　3.在“out\ in, up\ down, off\away”以及表示地點的介詞詞組位于句首時；

　　eg: Away went the crowed one by one. In came a stranger in black.

　　Down fell the leaves. On the floor were piles of old books.

　　注意：若主語是人稱代詞，則用正常語序---- adv.+主語+謂語；

　　eg: Out she went. Here we are.

　　4.有時為了強調表語，構成“表語+連系動詞+主語”結構；

　　eg: Lucky is she who was chosen to be a leader.

　　Gone are the days when women were looked down upon!

　　在以下結構中用部分倒裝：

　　1.含有否定意義的adv或conj（not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere, not until, not only, by no means等）位于句首時；

　　eg: He cannot speak an English word.----Not an English word can he speak.

　　I have never seen him before.----Never ……

　　The mother didn’t leave the room until the baby fell asleep.----Not until the baby fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

　　注意：not until引導的句子，主句倒裝，從句不用倒裝。 

　　2.only位于句首，且修飾狀語時，主句倒裝；

　　eg: Only in this way can you use the computer well.

　　只有意識到這門課的重要，我們才能學好它。

　　Only she can settle this problem.(T\F?)

　　3.so用在句首，表示另一主語“也”時，用“So + be(have,助動詞或情態動詞)+主語”結構(有時也用as替代)；若表示另一主語“也不”時，用“Nor\Neither + be(have,助動詞或情態動詞)+主語”結構；

　　eg: She has been to Heifei. So have we.

　　It is cold today. So it is.(T\F?)

　　She won’t accept that invitation. Neither\Nor will he.

　　注意：（1）“So + 主語 + be(have,助動詞或情態動詞)”表示對前面所說的話加以肯定，譯為“的確如此”；

　　（2）若前面所說的既有肯定又有否定，或前后的謂語動詞形式不一致，用“It is the same with + 主語”或“So it is with + 主語”；

　　eg: He worked hard, but didn’t pass the exam. So it was with his sister.

　　She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching. So it is with him.

　　4.在”as (盡管)”引導的讓步狀語從句中；(可以換成though)

　　eg: Shortest though she is, she is the richest.(最高級前不用冠詞)

　　Child as he is, he knows a lot.(單數名詞前不用a) 

　　Fail as I did, I would try again.(動詞提前，助動詞留在原位)

　　Hard as he tried, he couldn’t pass the exam.(副詞提前)

　　5.在”so…that…”和”such…that…”句型中的so和such位于句首時，用”so\such + adj + 主語+謂語”；

　　eg: So difficult was the exam that more than a half of the students failed.