課文詳注 Further notes on the text

1．One good turn deserves another,（標(biāo)題）禮尚往來(lái)。

（1）名詞turn的含義之一是“（幫助或損害他人的）舉動(dòng)”、“行為”：

Yesterday George did me a good/ an ill turn.

喬治昨天做了一件對(duì)我有利／不利的事。

He is always ready to do a turn for others.

他總是樂(lè)于為他人做好事。

（2）deserve的意義為“應(yīng)受”、“應(yīng)得（獎(jiǎng)賞、懲罰等）”、“值得”，通常為及物動(dòng)詞：

His words deserve attention.

他的話值得注重。

Mary deserves the prize.

瑪麗應(yīng)得這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)。

2．He gets a good salary…他的薪水很高……

good在這里的意思是“相當(dāng)大／多的”、“相當(dāng)可觀的”：

It takes me a good three hours to get there.

我花了整整3小時(shí)才到達(dá)那里。

3．…but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. ……但他卻總是向朋友借錢，并且從來(lái)不還。

（1）連詞and在這句話中可解釋為“并且”、“另外”(in addition)。

（2）pay在這里的意思是“償還（債務(wù)等）”。

pay還可以解釋為“付”、“支付（價(jià)款、賬單等）”，如課文的最后一句話：

…so now you can pay for my dinner!

……所以現(xiàn)在你可以替我付飯錢了！

pay 既是及物動(dòng)詞也可以是不及物動(dòng)詞：

How much did you pay for that dress?

那件衣服你花了多少錢？

I paid the bill.

我付了賬。

語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use

1．在前10課的語(yǔ)法中，我們比較了一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)以及和它們相關(guān)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，另外還學(xué)習(xí)了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。現(xiàn)在我們通過(guò)例句簡(jiǎn)要回顧一下所學(xué)過(guò)的內(nèi)容：

2．動(dòng)詞+名詞／代詞+ 帶to 的不定式

某些動(dòng)詞之后的帶to的不定式之前可以有一個(gè)名詞或代詞。有些動(dòng)詞后的名詞／代詞可有可無(wú)，但有和沒(méi)有經(jīng)常影響整個(gè)句子的意義：

I want to speak to John.

我想和約翰談話。(=I will speak.)

I want you to speak to John.

我希望你和約翰談?wù)劇?=You will speak.)

但是，還有一些動(dòng)詞后面用不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后通常必須有一名詞或代詞。這類動(dòng)詞有：allow, advise, help, teach, tell, request等等。這類動(dòng)詞不但可用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

Mr. Turner did not allow us to see the picture.

特納先生沒(méi)讓我們看那幅畫(huà)。

We were not allowed to see the picture.

人們不許我們看那幅畫(huà)。

He taught me to paint.

他教我繪畫(huà)。

Jane helped Julie to cook the meal.

簡(jiǎn)幫著朱莉做飯。

詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study

1．salary與wage

salary可譯為“薪金”、“薪水”，通常指職員、腦力勞動(dòng)者（如律師、教師、醫(yī)生等）的收入，數(shù)額比較固定，一般按月支付：

My salary is paid on the 28th of the month.

我每月28號(hào)領(lǐng)工資。

wage可譯為“工資”、“工錢”，通常指技工或一般體力勞動(dòng)者的收入，按周或天支付。wage一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式wages:

When I worked as a waiter, the wages were low, but the tips were good.

我當(dāng)侍者時(shí)工資不高，但小費(fèi)可觀。

Women often get low wages.

婦女的報(bào)酬通常很低。

2．borrow與lend

borrow的意思是“借”、“借入”，經(jīng)常與from連用：

He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn't given me it yet.

他昨天借了我的鋼筆，到現(xiàn)在他還沒(méi)有還我。

Can I borrow ￡ 20 from you please? I'll pay/ give it back tomorrow.

我能從您這里借20英鎊嗎？我明天就還給您。

lend的意思是“把……借給”、“借出”，經(jīng)常與介詞to連用：

He refused to lend any money to Tom.

他不肯借給湯姆錢。

Can you lend me ￡ 20 please? I'll pay/ give it back tomorrow.

您能借給我20英鎊嗎？我明天就還給您。

Can you lend your car to me this afternoon?

你今天下午能把車借我用一下嗎？

練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises

1．要害句型練習(xí)答案

A a he is now working (1.2)

b he gets (1.3); he always borrows (1.3); never pays it back (1.4)

c came in…worked (11.2-2); Tony saw (1.4); came and sat (1.4); I asked him (1.6); he gave me (1.7); Tony said (1.8)

d He has never borrowed (1.5); I have never borrowed (1.7)

e I was having (1.1); he was eating (1.6)

C 1 gets…got

2 have not had

3 was writing…talked/ were talking

4 am typing

5 passed/ were passing

D The Taj Mahal was built…after he became/ had become ruler, his wife…died. The Taj Mahal was built in her honour. Experts were called in…The Taj Mahal, which was begun in 1632 and (was) completed in 1654, cost a fortune…it has been visited by…

2．難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案

a

A 1 The officer ordered the men to fire at the enemy.

2 He wants his wife to wear this dress.

3 She wants us to explain it.

4 I cannot allow him to enter the room.

B (sample sentences)

1 He asked me to help him.

2 We preferred her to stay at home.

3 He taught me to speak English.

4 My mother wished me to collect the laundry.

5 Do you want her to visit you?

b

1 salary 2 lent…salary/ wages 3 borrowed 4 wages 5 wages

3．多項(xiàng)選擇題答案

1 b 2 b 3 b 4 a 5 b 6 c

7 c 8 a 9 c 10 c 11b 12 d